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Evolution of Euthanasia by Jessica French: Pleadings

Overview

  • In Oregon, Montana, Vermont, and Washington euthanasia is legal under certain criteria.  Civil liability actions can be brought for a violation of the procedures, fraud, undue influence, etc.  Criminal action will be brought by the state.
  • In all other states, physician-assisted suicide is illegal and criminal charges will be brought by the state.  Civil remedies are also available for the victims.

Complaint

American Jurisprudence Pleading and Practice Forms Annotated

Publisher's Editorial Staff

Publication Date:  2003-2015

Specifically See Volume 5B; §§16 & 17.

  • Checklist of matters, inter alia, that should be alleged in a complaint or petition in an action for violation of civil rights
    • Residence or other jurisdictional facts, if required.
         – Allegation of basis of jurisdiction, such as 28 U.S.C.A. § 1343, if action is brought in federal court.
    • Facts establishing venue, if required.
    • Statute or other basis of federal jurisdiction, if complaint is to be filed in federal court.
    • If action is to be brought as a class action
          – Existence of multiple parties too numerous to be brought before the court.
          – Existence of a common question of law or fact
          – Existence of a several right sought to be enforced for or against the parties.
    • Plaintiff's standing and capacity to sue, if required.
    • Acts of defendant resulting in violation of plaintiff's civil rights, and illegality of those acts.
    • Allegation that the conduct alleged was engaged in under color of state law, and that such conduct subjected plaintiff to the deprivation of rights, privileges, and immunities secured by the Federal Constitution and laws, where complaint is based on 42 U.S.C.A. § 1983.
    • A conspiracy to interfere, in the manner proscribed by the statute, with the civil rights of another; and an overt act done in furtherance of the object of the conspiracy, whereby another is injured or is deprived of any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States; where complaint is based on 42 U.S.C.A. § 1985(3).
    • Citations and provisions of applicable statutes, ordinances, and regulations.
    • Injury to plaintiff resulting from defendant's acts.
    • Exhaustion of all applicable administrative remedies, if required.
    • Inadequacy of remedy at law and irreparable injury to plaintiff, if equitable relief is sought.
    • Damages, if sought.
    • Request for relief.

The Process

HOW IT WORKS: Pleadings

A lawsuit begins when the person bringing the suit files a complaint. This first step begins what is known as the pleadings stage of the suit. Pleadings are certain formal documents filed with the court that state the parties' basic positions. Common pre-trial pleadings include:

  • Complaint (or petition or bill). Probably the most important pleading in a civil case, since by setting out the plaintiff's version of the facts and specifying the damages, it frames the issues of the case. It includes various counts - that is, distinct statements of the plaintiff’s cause of action - highlighting the factual and legal basis of the suit.
  • Answer. This statement by the defendant usually explains why the plaintiff should not prevail. It may also offer additional facts, or plead an excuse.
  • Reply. Any party in the case may have to file a reply, which is an answer to new allegations raised in pleadings.
  • Counterclaim. The defendant may file a counterclaim, which asserts that the plaintiff has injured the defendant in some way, and should pay damages. ("You're suing me? Well then, I'm suing you.") It may be filed separately or as part of the answer. If a counterclaim is filed, the plaintiff must be given the opportunity to respond by filing a reply.

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